EFFECTS OF CUTTING CONDITIONS FOR TURNING

Ideal conditions for cutting are short cutting time, long tool life, and high cutting accuracy. In order to obtain these conditions, a selection of efficient cutting conditions and tools, based on work material, hardness, shape and machine capability is necessary.

Cutting speed effects tool life greatly. Increasing cutting speed increases cutting temperature and results in shortening tool life. Cutting speed varies depending on the type and hardness of the work material. Selecting a tool grade suitable for the cutting speed is necessary.

1. Increasing cutting speed by 20% decreases tool life by 50%. Increasing cutting speed by 50% decreases tool life by 80%.
   
2. Cutting at low cutting speed (20– 40m/min) tends to cause chattering. Thus, tool life is shortened.

When cutting with a general holder, feed is the distance a holder moves per workpiece revolution. In milling, feed is the distance a machine table moves per cutter revolution divided by number of inserts. Thus, it is indicated as feed per tooth. Feed rate relates to fi nished surface roughness.

Depth of cut is determined according to the required stock removal, shape of workpiece, power and rigidity of the machine and tool rigidity.

1. Changing depth of cut doesn't effect tool life greatly.
   
2. Small depths of cut result in friction when cutting the hardened layer of a workpiece. Thus tool life is shortened.
   
3. When cutting uncut surfaces or cast iron surfaces, the depth of cut needs to be increased as much as the machine power allows in order to avoid cutting the impure hard layer with the tip of cutting edge and therefore prevent chipping and abnormal wear.